Many countries on the continent are reorganising their health financing systems to align with the UHC goals. This includes developing new prepayment mechanisms or strengthening existing national health insurance schemes to reduce the high dependency on out-of-pocket payments to finance their health systems. There is growing recognition among African governments that any modifications to their health financing systems in the pursuit of UHC require good evidence on the equity and efficiency of present arrangements. Our research in health financing investigates the equity and efficiency of health financing in Africa using a range of analytical techniques, including progressivity analysis, benefit incidence analysis, analysis of catastrophic health spending, cost-effectiveness analysis and data envelopment analysis. We generate evidence that gives policymakers a better understanding of how their health systems are performing and how to modify health financing and service delivery for a fairer system – moving towards UHC and maintaining it once it has been achieved.