The services must not only be safe and of high quality but also delivered in an effective manner to avoid unnecessary waste of resources. Health service delivery in Africa is challenged by a range of factors including inadequate human resources, limited funding, poor health infrastructure, low quality care and frequent stockout of essential medicines on the supply-side. On the demand-side, socio-cultural and financial barriers continue to obstruct service utilisation, especially among vulnerable populations. We work in collaboration with health providers, non-government and community organisations to evaluate and track inequities in service availability, coverage, and quality. We model the determinants of health service utilisation among households to inform government service expansion policies and programs under universal health coverage. Finally, we work with the private health sector to develop mechanisms for effective public-private partnership in service provision.